Unit Flash Cards for Review

Unit 1: Physical Geography

The focus is on World Cultures, so we look at how the Earth's physical features shape the way people live.

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Unit 2: Human Geography & Culture

This unit explores how people organize their societies, what they believe, and how they interact with one another across the globe.

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Unit 3: Government & Economic Systems

This unit focuses on how different societies organize power (Government) and resources (Economics). The goal is to understand how these systems affect the rights and daily lives of people around the world.

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Unit 4: United States & Canada

The focus of this unit is on Contemporary World Societies, comparing how the United States and Canada compare and how the geography and  history of each shaped their societies.

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Unit 5: Latin America

The study of Latin America focuses on how the region’s physical geography, colonial history, and diverse cultures have shaped its modern-day societies.

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Unit 6: Europe

The study of Europe centers on the transition from a history of conflict and monarchies to a modern, interconnected region defined by the European Union and diverse cultures.

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Unit 7: Russia & the Eurasian Republics

The study of Russia and the Eurasian Republics (including Central Asia and the Caucasus) focuses on the dramatic shift from the massive, "unlimited" power of the Soviet Union to the complex, transitioning societies of today.

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Unit 8: SWANA (Southwest Asia & North Africa)

The study of Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA)—often referred to as the Middle East—is focused on its role as a "cultural crossroads." Focus is on how this region’s unique geography, history as the cradle of major religions, and vast energy resources shape global politics today.

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Unit 9: Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is studied through the lens of a region with incredible physical diversity, a complex history of colonialism, and a rapidly growing, youthful population.

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Unit 10: South Asia

The study of South Asia (dominated by India) focuses on how the region balances ancient traditions with its status as a rising global economic power. 

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Unit 11: East & Southeast Asia

The study of East and Southeast Asia focuses on the tension between ancient traditions and rapid modernization and explores how countries like China and Japan have shaped global history, while also looking at the unique island and peninsular geography of Southeast Asia.

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Unit 12: Australia & Oceania

 The study of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania is unique because it focuses on isolation. Students look at how being cut off from the rest of the world for thousands of years created distinct ecosystems and cultures, and how that changed once "discovered" by Europeans.

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Unit Flash Cards for Review

Unit 1: Natural Texas & Its People

This unit focuses on the physical geography of the state and the diverse American Indian groups that lived here before European arrival.

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Unit 2: Early Exploration & Colonization

The Age of Contact (Exploration, 1519–1689) and the Spanish Colonial Era (Colonization, 1689–1821) explain how Texas transitioned from an American Indian territory to a province of Spain.

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Unit 3: Mexican National Era

The Mexican National Era (1821–1836) covers the transition from Spanish rule to Mexican independence and the subsequent wave of Anglo-American colonization that eventually led to the Texas Revolution.

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Unit 4: Texas Revolution

The Texas Revolution (1835–1836) is one of the most action-packed units and focus on the "why," the "who," and the "where."

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Unit 5: Republic & Statehood

The Republic of Texas (1836–1845) and Early Statehood (1845–1861) eras focus on the growing pains of a young nation and its eventual transition into the United States. This unit shows the cause-and-effect relationship between independence and annexation.

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Unit 6: Texas Government

This unit emphasizse the principles of government, the structure of the three branches, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens.

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Unit 7: Civil War & Reconstruction

The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861–1877) unit explores why Texas seceded from the United States, its contribution to the Confederacy, and the dramatic political and social changes that followed the war.

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Unit 8: Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

The Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads Era (1865–1900) marks the period when Texas transformed from a frontier state into an economic powerhouse The focus is on how these three industries worked together to settle West Texas and connect the state to the rest of the world.

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Unit 9: Age of Oil 

The Age of Oil (1900–1940) is a period of rapid transformation. It’s when Texas moved from an agricultural society to an industrial giant. The focus is on the "Gusher" that changed everything and the social movements that followed.

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Unit 10: Great Depression & World War II

The Great Depression and World War II (1929–1945) unit covers how two global crises fundamentally reshaped the Texas economy, its landscape, and the social status of its citizens.

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Unit 11: Civil Rights & Conservatism

Gemini said

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Unit 12: Contemporary Texas

The Contemporary Texas (1970–Present) era focuses on how Texas transitioned into a global economic leader, the impact of rapid population growth, and the state's role in modern technology and politics.

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Unit Flash Cards for Review

Unit 1:  Exploration and Colonization

The Exploration and Colonization era (1492–1763) covers why Europeans came to the Americas, how the 13 Colonies were established, and the birth of American representative government.

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Unit 2: American Revolution

The American Revolution era (1763–1783) is the high-stakes "origin story" of the United States. The focus is on why the colonists moved from being loyal British subjects to rebels, the key figures of the war, and the ultimate victory that led to independence.

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Unit 3: Constitution, Government & Citizenship

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Unit 4:  Early Republic

The Early Republic era (1789–1825) i covers the first five presidents—Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe—and focuses on how they defined the powers of the new government.

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Unit 5: Age of Jackson

The Age of Jackson (roughly 1824–1840) focuses on the rise of the "Common Man," the expansion of voting rights, and the intense constitutional struggles over federal power.

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Unit 6: Westward Expansion

The Westward Expansion era (roughly 1803–1853 focuses on the dramatic growth of the United States "from sea to shining sea." The concept of Manifest Destiny, the acquisition of new lands, and the consequences of that growth are emphasized in this era.

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Unit 7: Industrialization & Urbanization

The Industrialization and Urbanization era (roughly 1800–1860) covers the massive shift from handmade goods to machine-made products and the movement of people from farms to cities. This is often called the Industrial Revolution.

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Unit 8:  Reform & Culture

The Reform and Culture era (roughly 1820–1860 focuses on how Americans tried to "perfect" society and how a unique American identity began to emerge through art and literature.

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Unit 9: Sectionalism & the Civil War

Sectionalism  (1800 – 1861) and Civil War  (1861 – 1865) focus on why the country split apart, the leadership during the war, and the turning points that defined the conflict.

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Unit 10:  Reconstruction 

Reconstruction (1865-1877) is the era of rebuilding the United States after the Civil War. The main challenges were how to readmit Southern states to the Union and how to define the rights of 4 million newly freed slaves. 

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